• BATEMAN 2004 - with figure enlargements
  Fig 1 || Fig 2 || Fig 3 || Table 1 || Table 2

BOYLE 2011
Trends in the Prevalence of Developmental Disabilities in US Children, 1997–2008

BOZZETTO 2012
Asthma, allergy and respiratory infections: the vitamin D hypothesis
* Review of data on relationship between vitamin D, asthma, allergy, etc.
* Bozzetto, Carraro, Giordano, Boner, Baraldi. Italy.

DINKEL 2004 (See SAPOLSKY 2004)

Final paragraph:
"We do not believe that routine testing should include screening for food colouring and preservatives as causative factors for hyperactivity. If the parents raise the question, a diet limited in time — eg, for 3 or 4 weeks — might be instituted, and its effect carefully assessed by the managing physician. Parents should also be questioned about the disruption of the diet on the child’s daily life. If parents and health professionals decide to continue the diet after the trial period, repeated assessments — eg, every 6 months—should be done as no data for the duration of such a diet are available so far. We strongly believe that unnecessary diets should not be instituted for hyperactivity." El-Wahaab 2012 (SEE: Abd Ed-Wahaab)

• EL ZEIN - comments by PRESTON 2005
  Letter to the Editor - Comments on ‘Cytogenetic effects in children treated with methylphenidate’ by El-Zein et al.

• EL ZEIN 2006
  Reply to Letter to the Editor by Preston

FDA: QB test (See Dolgin 2014)

================================
Food, Brain and Behavior Conference 1996
See Egger 1997, Millstone 1997, Baldwin 1997
=================================

• British Medical Journal: News 1996
  Stress May Disturb the Blood-Brain Barrier
  *discussing Soreq & Friedman's study, brain, Israeli soldiers, Gulf War

GIBSON 1978 (SEE SWAIN)
An Australian Exclusion Diet

Note: Although this paper complains that "pharmacotherapy alone ... has not yet been shown to improve the long-term outcome for any domain of functioning..." the only comment about diet in this paper is: "...some 20 studies have refuted the efficacy of dietary manipulations (eg, the Feingold diet) in ADHD.⁶²" The footnote brings one to the NIH Consensus Development Conference of 1982 - which had concluded that none of the studies were adequate, and had NOT concluded that anything was refuted. Goldman totally ignored the excellent 1994 studies (Rowe & Rowe, Boris & Mandel).

++++++++++++++++
Golimstok 2011 -- see Rojas 2011
++++++++++++++++

Hinton 2000 - see Toxicology (Guidelines)

Note: It is the GABA neurons that are the "brakes" of the nervous system.

KENDALL 2008 -- see NICE

KLEINMAN re breastfeeding; see FEWTRELL 2007

There is another study, by Levitan, showing that the coloring in the blood is 99% bound to proteins and therefore cannot cross the blood brain barrier .... but that ignores the fact that this is exactly how psychoactive drugs work -- they are bound to the proteins, and leak across very slowly; that is why taking another drug sometimes potentiates a medication -- it knocks it off the proteins so that more leaks across the barrier faster. There are other studies showing that under stress, the blood brain barrier becomes more permeable and leaky .... and they showed it using blue dye. Do you want all these kinds of things too?

MICHAELI 1966 -- see FEINGOLD 1966
In vitro studies on the role of collagen in the induction of hypersensitivity to flea bites

• Foust 2003
• Janicki 1973
• Schulman 1976
• Tibrewala 2003

PERRY 2001 - See FDA Petition to delist Yellow 5

What they say about diet therapy - and please note that this is the information that the FDA uses today - 2009 - to justify their refusal to remove the food dyes from American products. Note the age of the studies cited, and the fact that they claim the Rowe & Rowe 1994 study showed "A small number of children may respond negatively to tartrazine, a synthetic food dye." In that Rowe study, the percent of 200 children responding to diet was 75%. The percent of those reacting to a single dye challenge (and showing a dose-response) was 82.6% - how did this metamorphose into a "small number?" And one more thing ... don't miss the last sentence, in which they warn physicians not to "disrupt the therapeutic alliance." Now how condescending is that? Read it all for yourself here:

"Dietary Interventions
Since the mid-1970s, the advocates of dietary treatment of behavioral problems have been remarkably persistent (Rimland, 1983) despite the lack of scientific evidence. A variety of food additives and food allergens have been proposed as contributory or even causal in childhood hyperactivity. Reviews of the methodologically adequate studies show that, at most, 5% of hyperactive children may show behavioral or cognitive improvement on the additive-free Kaiser-Permanente or Feingold diets, but these changes are not as dramatic as those induced by stimulants (Kavale and Forness, 1983; Mattes, 1983; Wender, 1986). The only characteristic associated with greater likelihood of response is age less than 6 years. A small number of children may respond negatively to tartrazine, a synthetic food dye (Rowe and Rowe, 1994). Parents and some primary care practitioners find dietary treatment appealing because it is more "natural" than medication, but special diets require extra work and often additional expense for a family that is already strained by a child's behavior problems. Considering the minimal evidence of efficacy and the extreme difficulty inducing children and adolescents to comply with restricted diets, dietary treatment should not be recommended, except possibly with preschool children. Families who insist on trying a diet should be permitted to do so, if the diet is nutritionally sound, because initial attempts to dissuade them may disrupt the therapeutic alliance."

SANDSTEAD 1956 -- See BING 1956

Note: See Page 158 (Results) which reports that "Data obtained showed that the average daily intakes of tartrazine, sunset yellow, carmoisine, and allura red as percentages of their ADIs, were, in all age groups, more than 100 per cent ..." These were averages, so while some of the kids obviously ate less, many probably ate much more than the ADI.